Investigation of Fuel Specification Waivers for Biofuel Blends
- Client: Ministry of Economic Development
- Published: September 2006
This report assesses whether biofuel blends will be able to
meet New Zealand's current PPSR (Petroleum Product Specifications Regulations),
and if not, what limited waivers could be appropriate for retail ethanol/petrol blends
and biodiesel/diesel blends.
The introduction of blends of biofuels with petrol and diesel may have an
impact on New Zealand's Petroleum Product Specifications Regulations.
Hale & Twomey were asked by MED to investigate whether biofuel blends will
meet all properties of the current PPSR, and what limited waivers
could be appropriate for ethanol/petrol, and biodiesel/diesel blends, if these properties
aren't met. (Waivers are an exemption or relaxation of the legislated
specification). Where limited waivers are recommended, these are assessed to see
if they are reasonable given New Zealand's vehicle fleet climatic conditions,
and compared with international practice for waivers for biofuel blends.
Table of Contents
- 1.0 Introduction
- 2.0 Assessment Approach
- 3.0 Ethanol/Petrol Blends
- 3.1 General Discussion
- 3.2 Impact of Ethanol Blends
- 3.3 Blends of < 1% by volume Ethanol
- 3.4 Blends of 1% to 10% by volume Ethanol
- 3.5 International Practice and Waivers
- 3.6 Suitability of New Zealand Vehicle Fleet for various petrol volatilities
- 3.7 Environmental Impact
- 3.8 Options and Recommendations
- 4.0 Biodiesel
- 4.1 General Discussion
- 4.2 Cold Flow Properties
- 4.3 Impact of Biodiesel Blends
- 4.4 Blends 5% and below by volume biodiesel
- 4.5 Blends greater than 5% to 20% by volume biodiesel
- 4.6 International Practice and Waivers
- 4.7 Suitability of New Zealand Vehicle Fleet
- 4.8 Options and Recommendations
- Appendices
- Appendix 1: PPSR Volatility Changes over time
- Appendix 2: VP Graphs with Ethanol Addition
- Appendix 3: E70 Graphs with Ethanol addition
- Appendix 4: E100 Graphs with Ethanol Addition
- Appendix 5: RMS Profiles with Ethanol Addition
- Appendix 6: PMS Profiles with Ethanol Addition
- Appendix 7: AGO cold flow properties
- Appendix 8: AGO Profiles with Biodiesel Addition
- Glossary
-
Fuel Specification Waivers for Biofuel Blends.pdf
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